Replicated Jerusalems

Via Crucis in the ColosseumFor some time now, I’ve been compiling bibliography on European replicas of Near Eastern Holy Places. Below the jump I’ve pasted a stab at all that I’ve collected thus far; please feel free to email me or to comment on this post to add things I might have missed!

Holy Sepulchers

  • Sarah Blick & Rita Tekippe, Art and Architecture of Late Medieval Pilgrimage in Northern Europe and the British Isles, 2 vols., Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions, 104 (Leiden: Brill, 2005).
  • Geneviève Bresc-Bautier, “Les imitations du Saint-Sepulcre de Jerusalem (IXe–XVe siècles): Archéologie d’une dévotion,” Revue d’Histoire de la Spiritualité 50 (1974): 319–342.
  • N.C. Brooks, The Sepulchre of Christ in Art and Liturgy, University of Illinois Studies in Language and Literature, 7.2 (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1921).
  • Ludwig H. Heydenreich, “Die Cappella Rucellai von San Pancrazio in Florenz,” in Millard Meiss, ed., De artibus opuscula XL: Essays in Honor of Erwin Panofsky, 2 vols. (New York, NY: New York University Press, 1961), 1:219–229.
  • F.W. Kent, “The Letters Genuine and Spurious of Giovanni Rucellai,” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 37 (1974): 342–349.
  • Richard Krautheimer, “Introduction to an ‘Iconography of Mediaeval Architecture,’” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 5 (1942): 1–33.
  • Justin E. A. Kroesen, The Sepulchrum Domini through the Ages: Its Form and Function (Leuven: Peeters, 2000).
  • Colin Morris, The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West: From the Beginning to 1600 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
  • ———-, “Bringing the Holy Sepulchre to the West: S. Stefano, Bologna, from the Fifth to the Twentieth Century,” in R.N. Swanson, ed., The Church Retrospective, Studies in Church History, 33 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press for The Ecclesiastical History Society, 1997), 31–60.
  • Damiano Neri, Il S. Sepulcro riprodotto in Occidente (Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 1971).
  • Robert Ousterhout, “Loca Sancta and the Architectural Responses to Pilgrimage,” in idem, ed., The Blessings of Pilgrimage (Urbana/Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1990), 108–124.
  • ———-, “The Church of Santo Stefano: A ‘Jerusalem’ in Bologna,” Gesta 20 (1981): 311–321.

[It is interesting to note that the same pattern of replication occurred in medieval Ethiopia, as well; see Marilyn E. Heldman, “Architectural Symbolism, Sacred Geography and the Ethiopian Church,” Journal of Religion in Africa 22 (1992): 222–241.]

Via Crucis & Sacri Monti

  • Amilcare Barbero, ed., Atlante dei sacri monti, calvari e complessi devozionali europei (Novara: Istituto geografico De Agostini, 2001).
  • Philippe Baud, Chemin de croix: les origines d’une dévotion populaire (Paris: Médiaspaul, 1995).
  • David Freedberg, The Power of Images: Studies in the History and Theory of Response (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1989), 192–245.
  • Sergio Gensini, ed., La “Gerusalemme” di San Vivaldo e i Sacri Monti in Europa (Firenze–San Vivaldo, 11–13 settembre 1986), Centro internazionale di studi “La ‘Gerusalemme’ di San Vivaldo,’ Montaione, 1 (Montaione: Comune di Montaione, 1989).
  • Cesáreo Gil Atrio, “España, ¿cuña del Viacrucis?” Archivo Ibero-Americano 11[n.s.] (1951): 63–92.
  • Pedro José Pradillo y Esteban, Vía Crucis, Calvarios y Sacromontes: arte y religiosidad popular en la contrareforma. Guadalajara, un caso excepcional (Guadalajara: Diputación Provincial de Guadalajara, 1996).
  • Kathryn Rudy, “Northern European Visual Responses to Holy Land Pilgrimage, 1453–1550,” PhD dissertation, Art History, Columbia University, 2001.
  • Amédée Teetaert da Zedelgem, “Aperçu historique sur la dévotion au chemin de la croix,” Collectanea franciscana 19 (1949): 45–142.
  • Herbert Thurston, The Stations of the Cross: An Account of their History and Devotional Purpose (London: Burns & Oates, 1906).
  • Dorino Tuniz, ed., I Sacri Monti nella cultura religiosa e artistica del Nord Italia (Cinisello Balsamo [Milan]: San Paolo, 2005).

Carmelite Deserts

  • Trevor Johnson, “Gardening for God: Carmelite Deserts and the Sacralisation of Natural Space in Counter-Reformation Spain,” in Will Coster & Andrew Spicer, eds., Sacred Space in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 193–210.
  • J.M. Muñoz Jiménez, “Yermos y Sacromontes: Itinerarios de Vía Crucis en los Desiertos Carmelitanos,” in Los caminos y el arte. Actas, VI Congreso Espanõl de Historia del Arte C.E.H.A., Santiago de Compostela, 16–20 de junio de 1986, 3 vols., Cursos y congresos da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 54 (Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 1989), 3:171–182.

One Comment

  1. Adam
    Posted 9 July 2008 at 12:46 | Permalink

    Simon Ditchfield has written to add two new references to my growing collection of Jerusalem replicas.
    The first is Nicholas Guyatt’s Have a Nice Doomsday, which mentions the fact that John Hagee “has (quoting Simon) constructed a scale model of the Western Wall in the Old City of Jerusalem into which he encourages his flock to insert prayers (gaps between the stones have been left deliberately for this purpose).”
    The second reference is quite a bit older: Lorenzo Longo, Gerusalemme Piacentina … cioe’ chiese e luoghi di Piacenza corrispondenti in sito a luoghi santi di Gerusalemme (Piacenza, 1659). To quote Simon again, “the author asks his readers to associate various buildings in the north Italian city with scenes of the passion.” That reminds me of Niccolò da Osimo’s Zardino de oratione fructuoso (Venice, 1494), which encourages the reader to do the same as a propadeutic to Passion meditation.
    Thanks, Simon!

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